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In high-stakes process industries, managing Integrity Operating Windows (IOWs) is vital for sustaining equipment reliability and ensuring safety. As operating conditions deviate from defined thresholds, understanding the associated risk is key to determining how quickly-and how strongly-an operator must respond.…

Introduction In the realm of industrial operations, particularly in sectors where safety, reliability, and asset integrity are paramount, inspection is often misjudged through the lens of lead Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). While lead KPIs are useful for tracking inputs—number of…